See brucan on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ābrūcan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "brūcing"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "ġebrūcan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "þurhbrūcan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "brook"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brook"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brouk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "brouken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"brucan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"brucan\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan",
"4": "",
"5": "to enjoy, use"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan (“to enjoy, use”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian brūka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brūhhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German brūhhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (brukjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan (“to enjoy, use”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian brūka, Old Saxon brūkan, Old Dutch *brūkan, Old High German brūhhan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (brukjan). The Indo-European root was also the source of Latin fruor (“enjoy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūcan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "II",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcan",
"links": [
[
"brūcan",
"brucan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcenne",
"links": [
[
"brūcenne",
"brucenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūce",
"links": [
[
"brūce",
"bruce#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēac",
"links": [
[
"brēac",
"breac#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȳcst",
"links": [
[
"brȳcst",
"brycst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȳcþ",
"links": [
[
"brȳcþ",
"brycþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brēac",
"links": [
[
"brēac",
"breac#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcaþ",
"links": [
[
"brūcaþ",
"brucaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brucon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūce",
"links": [
[
"brūce",
"bruce#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcen",
"links": [
[
"brūcen",
"brucen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brucen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūc",
"links": [
[
"brūc",
"bruc#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcaþ",
"links": [
[
"brūcaþ",
"brucaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcende",
"links": [
[
"brūcende",
"brucende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brocen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġebrocen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūcan"
},
"expansion": "brūcan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūcan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "65 10 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-brucan-ang-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now let's enjoy this breakfast as comrades who must fetch their dinner in hell.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nUton nū brūcan þisses undernmetes swā þā sċulon þe heora ǣfenġifl on helle ġefeċċan sċulon.",
"translation": "Now let's enjoy this breakfast as comrades who must fetch their dinner in hell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enjoy"
],
"id": "en-brucan-ang-verb-6UtvX9tY",
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 36 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "13 27 60",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 30 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 19 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 17 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to harness, take advantage of, employ, exploit"
],
"id": "en-brucan-ang-verb-ADMuw~Ru",
"links": [
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"exploit",
"exploit"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruː.kɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː.kɑn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nēotan"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "notian"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "nyttian"
}
],
"word": "brucan"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English class 2 strong verbs",
"Old English entries with etymon",
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Rhymes:Old English/uː.kɑn",
"Rhymes:Old English/uː.kɑn/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "ābrūcan"
},
{
"word": "brūcing"
},
{
"word": "ġebrūcan"
},
{
"word": "þurhbrūcan"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "brook"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brook"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "brouk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"word": "brouken"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "gmw-pro:*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old English\", \"term\" : \"brucan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ang\" }\" data-lang=\"ang\" data-title=\"brucan\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan",
"4": "",
"5": "to enjoy, use"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan (“to enjoy, use”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "2",
"2": "cog"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "col-top"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "brūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian brūka",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "brūhhan"
},
"expansion": "Old High German brūhhan",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (brukjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan (“to enjoy, use”).\nCognates\nCognate with Old Frisian brūka, Old Saxon brūkan, Old Dutch *brūkan, Old High German brūhhan, Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽 (brukjan). The Indo-European root was also the source of Latin fruor (“enjoy”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brūcan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ang-conj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "II",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcan",
"links": [
[
"brūcan",
"brucan#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcenne",
"links": [
[
"brūcenne",
"brucenne#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brūce",
"links": [
[
"brūce",
"bruce#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brēac",
"links": [
[
"brēac",
"breac#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȳcst",
"links": [
[
"brȳcst",
"brycst#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brȳcþ",
"links": [
[
"brȳcþ",
"brycþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brēac",
"links": [
[
"brēac",
"breac#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcaþ",
"links": [
[
"brūcaþ",
"brucaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brucon",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūce",
"links": [
[
"brūce",
"bruce#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruce",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcen",
"links": [
[
"brūcen",
"brucen#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brucen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brūc",
"links": [
[
"brūc",
"bruc#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcaþ",
"links": [
[
"brūcaþ",
"brucaþ#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brūcende",
"links": [
[
"brūcende",
"brucende#Old_English"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brocen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ġebrocen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūcan"
},
"expansion": "brūcan",
"name": "ang-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brūcan<s2>"
},
"name": "ang-conj"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Now let's enjoy this breakfast as comrades who must fetch their dinner in hell.",
"text": "late 9th century, translation of Orosius’ History Against the Pagans\nUton nū brūcan þisses undernmetes swā þā sċulon þe heora ǣfenġifl on helle ġefeċċan sċulon.",
"translation": "Now let's enjoy this breakfast as comrades who must fetch their dinner in hell.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enjoy"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to harness, take advantage of, employ, exploit"
],
"links": [
[
"harness",
"harness"
],
[
"employ",
"employ"
],
[
"exploit",
"exploit"
]
],
"tags": [
"with-genitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈbruː.kɑn/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uː.kɑn"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nēotan"
},
{
"word": "notian"
},
{
"word": "nyttian"
}
],
"word": "brucan"
}
Download raw JSONL data for brucan meaning in All languages combined (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.